History of the Patau Syndrome - 1850 Words

Patau Syndrome, otherwise known as T13 is a very rare and lethal genetic disorder in which a person has three copies of chromosome 13 instead of two. T13 is characterized by the presence of an assortment of heart and brain malformation in newborns. Children with the disease are often born with multiple birth defects that are normally associated with T13 but not limited to it, including small eyes, undescended testicles, cleft lip/palate, and they consistently exhibit signs of mental deficiency and/or retardation. Approximately 1 in 10,000 newborns are born with Patau Syndrome each year. I choose this rare disease because not only is it unheard about but the present dilemma plaguing the medical field on whether or not a child born with this disease should be given adequate care for survival is shocking. Everyone deserves to be administered the best possible treatments available regardless of what their â€Å"quality of life† is determined to be. Examining the physiological aspects and treatments available for T13 show that there should be no standard to which children born with the disease should be given higher priority with treatment based on severity. Clinical Perspective History In 1656, Thomas Bartholin described developmental birth defects characteristic to those present in newborns diagnosed with T13, only in that time is referred to as cytogenetic syndrome. It wasn’t until 1960 that German physician Klaus Patau discovered the underlying genetic cause by looking at theShow MoreRelatedAssignment On Chromosomal Abberations And Down Syndrome3568 Words   |  15 Pages TERM PAPER EVALUATION ON CHROMOSOMAL ABBERATIONS AND DOWN SYNDROME GUIDED BY: SUBMITTED BY: Dr. SANJEEV KUMAR (Sr.) SHRUTI DHAMEJA BSM/13/104 B.Sc (H) MEDICAL BIOTECH DECLARATION I hereby declare that the term paper entitled â€Å"CHROMOSOMAL ABBERATIONS AND DOWN SYNDROME† submitted to AMITY INSTITUTE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, is a record of an  original work done by me under the  guidance of Dr. SANJEEV KUMAR (Sr.) and this project work has not  performed

Essay about Poverty, Obesity and Health - 1982 Words

Modern society is dealing with a health crisis that has been on the rise for years. Ongoing research by the Center of Disease control and others is beginning to prove that all over the United States obese individuals that live in poverty are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and other health conditions. The relationship between obesity prevalence and socioeconomic status measured as educational level or income. People faced with poverty often feel helpless when left to deal with their health problems. Children are being raised with poor diets, which become routine life habits, because families struggle to afford healthy foods. With these health concerns afflicting millions Nationwide, prevention, early detection, and†¦show more content†¦Students completed a physical fitness step test, the results of which showed three times the amount of students with unacceptable scores as opposed to those with acceptable test scores (38.6% and 11.1%, respectively). Acceptable physical fitness test score was the least common category, with girls having a significantly lower percentage than boys (P0.001) (Trevino, 2008). People in poverty are not just at a disadvantage when it comes to health because of limited resources and funds, they are also at a disadvantage because they often lack the knowledge necessary to sustain their health and prevent chronic illnesses. Those in low socioeconomic situations are often more concerned with paying bills and avoiding starvation that they are not concerned with the types of foods with which they are maintaining in their diets. Poverty is a lifestyle that priorities about healthy food and exercise are often at the bottom for the list, but in fact are at the top of the list when you look at statistics of the death percentages of poor diet lifestyle according to the center of disease control. Due to the culture and fast pace lifestyle of Americans, eating cheap fast food is easily recognizable as a precursor for obesity and cardiovascular disease, especially in those who depend onShow MoreRelatedHousehold Income By Federal Poverty Level Es say921 Words   |  4 PagesLisa Phan HESC 349-53 Measurement and Statistics in Health Science IV: Household income by federal poverty level DV: Being overweight or obese Faculty: Dr. Shana Alex Charles Fall Semester 2015 December 17, 2015 2) Interpretation of your results. a) With reference to my midterm research study, I will be using the updated 2011/12 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) for adolescents (ages 12-17). My research question is how is being overweight or obeseRead MoreHealth Promotion For Combating Obesity973 Words   |  4 PagesChildhood obesity prevalence rates have been steadily increasing in the United States and in 2010; it was identified in more than 42 million pre-schoolers (WHO, 2013). Obesity has various medical risks that are related to obesity in children including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, sleep apnoea, asthma, dyslipidaemia, metabolic syndrome, orthopaedic complications, and a reduced life expectancy. Health promotion to combat childhood obesity is therefore needed to prevent childhood obesity andRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On The United States Essay1136 Words   |  5 PagesObesity rates in the United States have increased significantly over the past three decades, which have led to a multitude of health problems in the nation. I tested for the effects on obesity, primarily the effect of poverty with obesity rates. To begin with I used a single regression model to compare our nation’s GDP with the average BMI, assuming that they will be positively correlated. Next I will attempt to draw conclusions about correlations between other factors including obesity, povertyRead MorePoverty And Obesity Essay1004 Words   |  5 PagesPoverty and obesity do not make us think of the same people, but in some ways this is not true. In some instances poverty does cause obesity because the people in poverty are not able to buy the more expensive and healthy foods. By not being able to buy these healthy foods they are forced to either go hungry or buy the less expensive unhealthy types of foods. But poverty is not the only reason there is obesity in this world today. The people that are insecure about food are also more likely to becomeRead MorePoverty And Health : Low Income Limits C hoices Essay1732 Words   |  7 PagesPoverty and health: Low income limits choices to cheap and unhealthy foods Poverty tends to impact society on several different levels, whether it may be through the impact of the economy, social effects, education, health, but most importantly malnutrition; which is said to be the most common effect of poverty. Poverty affects millions of Americans by limiting their choices to cheap and unhealthy foods. It also limits the physical access to healthy food choices as it relates to diet costs and reliableRead MoreA Comparison Of Health Lesson And Community Health Ranking863 Words   |  4 PagesReview of Bronx and Saratoga Health Rankings In New York City, according to County Health Rankings Roadmaps (â€Å"Bronx†, 2017), Saratoga County rated first in health, conversely, Bronx County rated last in health. It draws people’s attention that what distinguishes Saratoga County differently than the other counties in New York City. This paper aim to explore the similarities and differences between Saratoga County and Bronx County; exam the fairness of the health rankings in measures and weightsRead MoreConnection Between Poverty and Obesity Essay1269 Words   |  6 PagesConnection between poverty and obesity Author (Reggie L. Brown) ENGLISH 135 Professor (Jennifer James) Devry University 4 December 2011 First Draft Connection between poverty and obesity It is said that obesity can be caused by not knowing how to combat and prevent this common disease before it begins in poverty stricken areas. Additionally the availability of nutritious food choices and the means to have safe active life style are not available to those who suffer from poverty due to financialRead MoreChildren Are The Hope Of The Nation s Future Essay1525 Words   |  7 Pagesstruggling in various ways. Despite the fact that one of the society’s top priorities is the health of its children, the efforts of the government and the community does not suffice the growing needs of the children. Although there are numerous reasons for this social adversity, poverty is one of the main factors that contribute to the complexity of the problem. According to the National Center for Children in Poverty, it was reported that in 2014, 44% of children under 18 years of age live in low-incomeRead MoreRelationship Between Poverty and Obesity Essay1608 Words   |  7 Page sDoes low socioeconomic status bear a significant role in the obesity epidemic? A national survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2010) estimated that more than two-thirds of Americans are now overweight or obese (body mass index of over 30), and the percentage is escalating. The Census Bureau (2011) reported 46.2 million people in America are currently living beneath the official poverty line. The official poverty rate in 2010 was 15.1 percent; up from 14.3 percent in 2009;Read MoreThe Theory Of The Social Work Profession1102 Words   |  5 Pagesecological theory. In this theory it states that many factors contribute to one main problem. In this case the main issue is poverty. Poverty, according to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is the lowest possible level that a person can be. In order to move out of this level one must first acquire food, water, shelter and a sense of safety. Programs and policies aimed at solving poverty is that sense of safe ty. With safety a person may feel comfort in that they know that they can receive their basic needs

ANALYZING CULTURAL REPRESENTATIONS Example

Essays on ANALYZING CULTURAL REPRESENTATIONS Article First and Analyzing cultural representations The U.S. society experienced many categories of the concept of ethnical and racial identity, which is now considered as a complex one. It is thus shaped by personal characteristics, family distinctions, numerous historical events and social and political factors. While there are many ways of the exceptional categories of otherness, which the notion of identity can be assumed, people are commonly defined as other on the basis of race, ethnicity, gender, religion and in the modern society even sexual orientation each of these categories has a form of oppression associated with it. Thus, according to Wright (2009), the modern society is also aware of such oppressions as racism, sexism, religious oppression or anti-semitism and heterosexism (Wright, 2009). Despite the fact that in the current world all these groups are equal, in each case, there is a group considered dominant and other considered subordinate (Tatum, 2000). The vivid example of the concept of identity can be traced through Spike Lees movie â€Å"Bamboozled†, a  satire of the television industry that has caught a lot of discussion because of its display of blackface, a question that was not talked about until the release of the movie. There are no free passes in the film and the film maker gives no excuses for the white establishment and hard-to-expose racism. He does not also excuse the black people or non-whites for becoming the literal agents of the story.  The movie illustrates the crisis in the development of television show, the circumstances of which force black screenwriter to use the old forgotten genre of minstrel show, which portrayed black people by the whites. This time, the screenwriter decided to involve Afro-Americans solely notably that the content of show would be politically incorrect and even racist. However, this fact did not create any obstacles for the show to become popular among white and black people. Moreover, the whole show changed totally the lives of its players. The story describes two young black men who due to financial fail use their talent for commercial glory through demeaning themselves into characters who portray black guys with painted faces in the melon plantation. The movie should be noticed by people and history as one of the most important films about race and social status and the misconceptions and stereotypes about the ethnical and racial belonging. There is also a reason to consider how almighty dollar can change lives of people, forcing to change their points of view and integrity to some extent. The question of skin color and black culture is portrayed in the hysterical, contemplative and even violent ways. Thus, the most effective display can be considered the pop culture, gangsta rap and hip-hop in particular. The vivid representative of gangsta rap singers is the Mau Maus group, whose ridiculous actions directed against white people. However, even in their group there is a white person, which makes a viewer to think about such contradiction as something that is against the group rules and beliefs. The other moment shows artificial aspect of such culture, which perceives woman as bitches and Timmi Hilnigger ad as toxic nature of gang sta culture. Men are observed as cool as they do drugs. For decades, racial ideologies supported the historical trade of humans where black people were taking the main role, however, which also created the endless paradox. Such contradiction was in black culture that had both an enduring symbol of unchanging purity and complete opposition to white and something that gave white people new things, dynamism and innovation (Elam Jackson, 2008). That can be considered the reason why black cultures are playing the main and increasing visible role in the culture of white people. Black culture is a key player in the world of racialized cultural exchange that impacted greatly the modern word. Besides, in the age of globalization, black cultures have placed the more visible and complex place. In the U.S., while the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s was fighting against race discrimination, it also went into the twentieth century and led to such changes as acceptable status of ethnical and race discrimination within the mainstream discourse on ra ce (Aboulafia Shook, 2009). In Lee’s opinion, however, and it was vividly shown in Bamboozled, comedy genre was still condemned in the culture industry and the white media assimilating the potency of black culture was still using black people in its portraying of stereotypical imagery. There is at the same time not only the racial white thing among the specific characters of Lee’s movie. He also criticized blacks for being seduced and dominated by the current system of whites and justified their own relation to those stereotypes white people have. The black screenwriter is viewed as a stereotype himself, because of the perfect posture and affected gestures, manner to sends up the black middle class and disaffection form the masses. Only a few black people could connect with him in the audience (Elam Jackson, 2008). What is also important is to pay attention to the African Americans historical lack of control over their own representation and continued unaffected will ingness to perform as those disengaged consumers. During the movie, commercials were also illustrated as those directed at the black consumers’ appeal to their financial and lustful interest of sex, clothing and alcohol. This episode may be interpreted as hegemonic act, which is racialized by ad of clothing from Timi Hilnigger, the parody of which was called by the popularity of Tommy Hilfiger’s clothing line. The words of artist who plays Timmi Hilnigger discussed his open attitude for black people to stay inside their ghettos in broke, because then they would add another million dollars to his enterprise and their place should be on margins of society. This is one of the revealed modern unresolved contradictions of how modern America sees its black citizens. They are free to do whatever they want and are considered equal people and the next moment simple ad directs them completely the other way of â€Å"well-being†. Such ad should call for critical awareness o f the politics, which can find possible ways out from such situation and see the harmful impacts of the commercial trafficking in blackness. In the United States, however, the dominant ideological context in which these judgments are made puts more attention on individualism and the denial of race and class privilege maximizes the tendency to see poverty as a personal failing of every concrete person (Bullock, 2006). Whether one wants to find the counterhegemonic representation of black or white races during the movie, the vivid example may be the character of boss Dunwitty, who confesses that his wife and a kid are black and the office is full of pictures of famous black people. However, his performance of appropriation of what he thinks â€Å"blackness† is a clichà © of the person who above all states that he probably know â€Å"niggers† better than black people themselves. Such satiric stance illustrates that Dunwitty is right since the black man should be always oriented on white culture to achieve certain goals and success, while a white man is already in a advantageous position of one’s cultural privilege and thus can know black people better. However, here is a mistake, as such knowledge is a stereotype with the missing knowledge of the real living conditions of black people. The character of the main hero of the movie, the screenwriter, is the most vivid representati ve of hegemonic person as his actions are directed against white people. However, being a black himself there is no other way to deface white people as to show their negative attitude toward black ones. The position in the company allows him to do that and thus enables the viewers to see that white people are still expressing their hegemonic nature. Even his boss protecting black people finds the idea of show acceptable, however, he understands that such show can harm feelings not only of all black people but also his closest people, wife and kids. In the episode of screewriter death, there is a proof that shows that he is racist toward white people, because by all left means he tries to erase the fingerprints evidence that would make his assistant, the black woman, a murderer. The other example can be seen through expressions of screenwriter’ assistant, who at the discussion of the future TV project is trying to protect black people. She is black herself and didn’t wa nt to make racial sayings toward other black people. Her struggle for protection of black people are the part of her counterhegemony character, which at the same time meets the oppression shown by her agreement on helping to make a show. However, this may be explained by the desire to direct society and let people know that problems of racial discrimination exist in the modern world. During the talk with her brother she was also staying on the side of counterhegemony. However, the viewer can see hints of hegemony as he speaks about the white people to be cruel and use his sister in the vested interest. He himself expresses racial attitude toward white people. The cruel killing of Manray at the end of the movie proves that Mau Maus group were showing hegemonic behavior themselves and their anger was so big that they killed the black guy in retaliation for racial discrimination of black people. It is almost unreal so black people would be engaged in such situation as in Bamboozled in real life, however, the director manages to successfully reconstruct the blackface minstrelsy. African Americans are shown as free people, however, one may doubt that only physically. However, in real life, the identity dilemmas of real black people are no different from those displayed in the movie. Blacks find themselves well represented in the blackface and they are recognized as equal people, however, they are still reminded of their blackness and of what it cost to them to live and be black in U.S. White domination remains highly debatable in the current world despite Lee’s attempt to succeed in renegotiating a identity and stereotypes. Satire is effectively used to engage more people into the existing problems of black people and the history of racism is used to impact heavily on the audience. The bad ending of Bamboozled shows the viewer how intense the sense of helplessness can b e, how humanitys chances can be get rid of and how people can be intolerant to thoughts and views of others. So far, this is a huge gap between different ethnical and racial groups within the U.S. Works cited Aboulafia, M. and Shook, J. 2009. Contemporary Pragmatism, Vol.5, N.2, Rodopi Bullock, H. 2006. Justifying Inequality: A Social Psychological Analysis of Beliefs about Poverty and the Poor. National Poverty Center Working Paper Series. Web. April 19, 2015. Elam, H. and Jackson, K. 2008. Black cultural traffic: Crossroads in global performance and popular culture, University of Michigan Wright, E. 2009. Racial inequality, ContemporaryAmericanSociety. Web. April 19, 2015. Tatum, B. 2000. The complexity of identity: Who am I? Web. April 19, 2015.

Arrange Marriage free essay sample

Most people find love then get married while others are married and then have to learn to love one another (Pooja). But it’s not so easy to fall in love with someone when it’s against your will. Since the beginning of time we’ve constantly had some structure of arranged marriages, from Adam and Eve to the first caveman and cavewomen. The only difference is that they had no one else to choose from. The Caste system gave birth to arrange marriages, as the upper caste families didn’t want their children to marry outside their community and caste (Pooja). An arranged marriage is an ancient tradition that has followed us to the 21st century. Although there has been a decrease in arranged marriages since the 19th century it still exists(San Francisco Chronicle). Some say bash the tradition and follow one’s heart while others follow the rules and abide by their parents. The single fault in not being able to follow one’s heart is that if the person doesn’t fall in love with their husband, then what is the point in that? For the rest of their life they’ll have to live with the person they don’t feel affection for. Many cultures from different countries have a variety of traditions and in most cultures, particularly the ones in the East, an arranged marriage is one of them. From countries like India and China an arranged marriage is very normal, while in other countries it is uncommon. Surprisingly lots of people all over the world prefer an arranged marriage and send money to an organization for a mail order bride from eastern countries (The China Post News Staff). An arranged marriage isn’t for everyone. Most would rather find true love then be setup with someone they don’t care for. According to Anita Jain, a journalist at NYMag, living the single life of an American Indian is intensely demanding. Relatives are always pressuring her to find a guy and asking when is she going to get married. The only problem is that all the men her family sets her up with have no personality. She’s dated a few men who were not Indian but the relationships went nowhere since her family did not approve. Her father’s requirements for her future husband is that he has to be Indian and either a doctor or an engineer or make lots of money. In Anita’s article, Is Arranged Marriage Really Any Worse Than Craigslist? he discusses the issues that she faces as a modern Indian women’s struggle with arranged marriage. Luckily, her parents let her pick and choose. Unfortunately, not all families are lenient enough to let their children marry whomever they want, especially those who are very strict on tradition. In many Asian customs an arranged marriage is certain wh en in a very traditional family. Most eastern families are very strict with their traditions and when disobeyed consequences will be the result. In a lot of Eastern countries when parents are disobeyed it means that the child has disgraced the family and shamed them. Honor is the most important thing to most of these families and some are beaten or threatened until they consent (San Francisco Chronicle). According to the San Francisco Chronicle a Muslim lady was married against her will. Her mother threatened to commit suicide and her father beat her until she consented. She fled the unwanted marriage for a German man that she was dating before the setup. When her family found out her brother hunted her down and killed her for dishonoring the family. In another instance, a adolescent Turkish girl raised in Berlin was forced to marry her cousin in Istanbul at age sixteen. She later defied her parents and got a divorce. The Turkish girl was pregnant and returned to her parents in Berlin to give birth to the couple’s son. She then decided to finished high school. Afterwards, she graduated and discarded the traditional Islamic head scarf. She began working as an electrician and lived alone with her son. Her family felt disgraced by their daughter and so her two brothers tricked her out of the house to meet at a bus stop. When she arrived and killed her because she divorced her husband, refused to cover her head, lived alone and dated men (San Francisco Chronicle). Some of these ladies who were forced into arranged marriages were lucky enough to find assistance when they left their spouses. There are a few non-profit organizations that provide shelter and new identities to help protect these women. But they still fear for their lives wondering if their families would find them or not (San Francisco Chronicle). In the article Muslim girls in Austria Fighting Forced Marriages from the San Francisco Chronicle, a Hindu women was forced to leave her long-time fiance in New Delhi and marry an older man. She later divorces and moves away from her family. Even though several years has passed since the divorce, she still lives in fear that her family will find her. She now works as a nurse and still gets psychological counseling. Arranged marriages can end up blissful while some end up with disaster. A few women who stayed in their arranged marriages found love and kindness in their relationship. Others who stayed weren’t as fortunate and found hatred and wickedness in their marriage. Some of the daughters who were stuck in an discontented arranged marriage were beaten by their husbands and in-laws for making small mistakes. Daughters were abused and assaulted to tears and before they could get a chance to dry up their tears they were beaten again (Verma). No matter how badly they were beaten they would stay in the relationship to uphold the honor of their parents. Arranged marriages across the world are different. Many turn out to be pleasant while others are dreadful. Deep down inside all people prefer to pick and choose who they would like to spend the rest of their live with. Some get the chance while others don’t. Love and happiness are essential in a marriage whether it was developed before or after the wedding.